Nestle is set to launch a new line of baby formula in China this year. The formula, which will be under an existing brand is targeted at smaller cities, as the world’s largest packaged food company tries to lengthen its lead in the world’s biggest baby milk market.
The new line, according to Reuters, will focus on smaller provincial cities, often in China’s western provinces, where greater shipping distances and lower incomes can make some imported brand goods unaffordable, though wealth there is growing.
Producers of many consumer staples such as soft drinks and soap had to seek growth in the less-profitable provincial cities years ago, as China’s richer eastern markets matured.
But the baby milk units of Nestle, France’s Danone and Reckitt Benckiser enjoyed years of prosperity mainly just targeting parents in big cities like Shanghai and Beijing, banking on their appetite for ever-pricier premium formulas and foreign brands following a domestic 2008 tainted milk scandal.
Slowing growth has now made geographic expansion crucial, and new distribution models have made it easier.
The big catch, however, is the intense competition and logistical hurdles they will encounter in China’s $25 billion baby formula market as they run up against local players who dominate in the smaller cities – challenges that mirror those faced by Western brands across China’s consumer goods sector.
Some 55 percent of respondents in a survey by the User Research Institute of BabyTree, China’s parenting website operator, said domestic brands better understood Chinese consumers because they are more affordable.
“This reflects a broader trend that indicates local brands are gaining traction among consumers in China,” said Wang Lei, head of the institute.
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Chinese retail sales of baby formula grew 9 percent last year, according to Euromonitor International. That is down from nearly 17 percent growth in 2014, the year after China relaxed its one-child policy. Yet the scale of the country, with more than 15 million births last year, and consumers’ preoccupation with quality, means it is still by far the world’s most important market for baby formula.
But, Nestle with its new line is aiming for the balance of international brand trust and local tailoring.
It will come under the umbrella of one of its three existing Chinese brands – Illuma, S-26 and NAN – but will be marketed differently, Thierry Philardeau, head of its infant nutrition business, said in an interview.
He did not give details but noted that adaptations in distribution and marketing would make the “sub-brand” more appropriate for its target audience.
Marketers and other businesses unofficially classify China’s cities into tiers based on differences in business opportunity, infrastructure, population size, income level and consumer behavior and sophistication.
Nestle’s new range, which will include products for babies of various ages, will be made at factories in China, though the company did not say where the milk would come from.
Because of consumers’ unique concerns around safety and quality, baby formula is much more expensive in China than in Europe. One 800 g (28 ozs) can of baby formula in China tends to cost north of $30, while a similar can costs $13 in Britain.
Adam Xu, a partner at OC&C Strategy Consultants in Shanghai, said though willingness to pay high prices for baby formula was universal in China, the growth of quality national players – encouraged by the government – was making life harder for premium Western brands.
However, Chinese formula makers, which include Feihe International, China Mengniu Dairy and Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, have grown stronger, amid a host of marketplace shifts including government registration requirements implemented last year that dramatically reduced the number of brands on the market.
At the same time, investments by domestic players in premium brands and special formulations are helping to overcome safety concerns, said analysts at Citi Research. They predict Chinese brands could reach 53 percent market share by 2022, up from 40 percent in 2015. That is because in an overall market expected to grow about 7 percent, they see domestic brands growing 11 percent and foreign brands growing only 4 percent.
Yili Group, China’s largest dairy company and maker of the fifth-largest baby formula brand, told Reuters it was working on various fronts to improve its product offering through more scientific research, as well as its route to market using big data, artificial intelligence and real-time analysis.
Multinational consumer goods companies have historically employed their own sales forces in China to service retailers, a model that is inefficient for smaller cities, said Derek Deng, a partner at management consultants Bain & Co in Shanghai.
Analysts see Nestle as having the best distribution potential of its peers, since its massive scale means it has a range of goods to sell and with which to fill trucks headed for distant locales.
The Swiss firm generated 7 billion Swiss francs ($6.87 billion) of sales in greater China last year, nearly 8 percent of its total, selling everything from Nescafe coffee to Yinlu peanut milk.
Nonetheless, it needs to adapt. Philardeau said Nestle was also boosting its presence on online platforms such as Alibaba.
Partnerships with online players have allowed British rival Reckitt Benckiser to enter 250 new Chinese cities in less than a year, compared with the more than 18 months it might have taken to enter 100 with its traditional feet-on-the-ground model. A deal with JD.com sees the e-commerce giant deliver Reckitt’s goods to specialist mom-and-baby stores, where parents can pick them up, within 24 hours.
Yetunde Adegoke
